Mayu 7, 2024
A cikin al'ummar yau da kullum, ingancin iskar da muke shaka ya zama batu mai mahimmanci. Ga mu da ke zaune a birane ko bayan gari, ƙauyuka da manyan tituna suna tsara shimfidar wuri kuma suna kawo gurɓatawa tare da su. A yankunan karkara, aikin noman masana'antu da ma'adinai ya fi shafar ingancin iska. Yayin da gobarar daji ke ci kuma a wurare da yawa, duk yankuna suna fuskantar faɗakarwar ingancin iska.
An danganta gurbacewar iska da matsalolin lafiya da dama. Takamammen illolin kiwon lafiya ya dogara ne akan nau'i da kuma yawan gurɓataccen iska a cikin iska, amma Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ƙiyasta cewa gurɓataccen iska na gida da na yanayi na haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 6.7 a duk shekara.
A cikin wannan rubutun, za mu yi la'akari da illolin da gurbatar iska ke haifarwa ga lafiya da kuma wasu abubuwan da suka fi yawa.
Ta yaya gurbatar iska ke shafar lafiyar ku?
Rashin ingancin iska yana haifar da mutuwa da wuri ta hanyoyi daban-daban da ke shafar tsarin numfashi da na zuciya. Bayyanawa ga gurɓataccen iska na iya haifar da duka m (na kwatsam da mai tsanani, amma mai yuwuwar ɗan gajeren lokaci) da na yau da kullun (mai yuwuwar rashin warkewa, yanayin kiwon lafiya masu tasowa na dogon lokaci) yanayin lafiya. Ga wasu hanyoyin gurɓacewar iska na iya haifar da mutuwa:
Kumburi: Bayyanawa ga gurɓataccen iska, irin su particulate matter (PM) da ozone (O3), na iya haifar da kumburin tsarin numfashi da na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, da kuma sauran gabobin. Wannan kumburin na iya kara tsananta cututtukan numfashi irin su na kullum obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) da matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da ke haifar da bugun zuciya da bugun jini.
Rage aikin huhu: Tsawaita bayyanar da wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa, musamman madaidaicin ƙwayoyin cuta (PM2.5), na iya haifar da raguwar aikin huhu na tsawon lokaci, yana sa mutane su sami saurin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi. PM2.5 kuma na iya ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa kuma ya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa
Ƙara yawan hawan jini: Abubuwan gurɓata yanayi, musamman daga gurɓataccen iska (TRAP) irin su nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone da PM, an danganta su da karuwar hawan jini, wanda ke da haɗari ga cututtukan zuciya.
Samuwar Atherosclerosis: An danganta bayyanar da gurɓataccen iska na dogon lokaci da haɓakar atherosclerosis (taurin zuciya da kunkuntar arteries), wanda ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya kamar bugun zuciya da bugun jini.
Damuwa mai zafi: Fitar da gurɓataccen abu na iya haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi, haifar da lalacewa ga sel da kyallen takarda. An danganta wannan lalatawar iskar oxygen da haɓaka yanayin kiwon lafiya daban-daban, gami da bugun jini da ciwon daji. Hakanan yana iya hanzarta tsarin tsufa na jiki
Ciwon daji: Ga wasu mutane, kamuwa da gurɓataccen iska na iya haifar da cutar kansar huhu kamar shan taba. Ana kuma alakanta gurbacewar iska da cutar kansar nono
Yawan mace-macen da ba a kai ba daga gurɓataccen iska yana da alaƙa da cututtukan da ke haifar da dogon lokaci zuwa iska. Duk da haka, ko da bayyanar ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya samun tasiri mara kyau. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa matasa masu koshin lafiya suna samun bugun zuciya da ba daidai ba a cikin sa'o'i na gajeriyar kamuwa da gurbatar iska.
Matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke tattare da gurɓacewar iska sun haɗa da kumburin numfashi da na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, rage aikin huhu, ƙaruwar hawan jini, taurin kai da kunkuntar jijiya, lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta da nama, ciwon huhu da kansar nono.
Don haka muna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa ga iska, a wannan lokacin samfuranmu za su ba ku iska mai tsabta.
NASARA
1 Gurbacewar iska ta gida. (2023, Disamba 15). Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, et al. Hankali: gurɓataccen iska na yanayi: amsa mai kumburi da tasiri akan vasculature na huhu. Pulm Circ. 2014 Maris; 4 (1): 25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, et al. Bita na lallausan ƙwayar cuta mai saurin numfashi (PM2.5). Gaban Mol Neurosci. 2022 Satumba 7;15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Damuwar Oxidative: illolin da fa'idodi ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Nuwamba 2). Shin Gurbacewar Iska Zai Iya Kawo Ciwon Cancer? Abin da Kuna Bukatar Sanin Game da Hatsari. Pro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Babban matakan gurɓataccen iska mai alaƙa da haɓaka. (2023, Satumba 12). Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-incidence.
7 He F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez-Mendoza J, et al. Mummunan Tasirin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Jihar Penn. Jour na Amer Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 27.;11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Ciwon daji da gurbacewar iska. (nd). Ƙungiyar Kula da Ciwon daji ta Duniya.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Sake La'akari na Ƙarshe na Ƙa'idodin Ingancin Yanayin Sama na Ƙasa don Musamman Matter (PM). (2024, Fabrairu 7). US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-10-2024